I just finished reading John Gruber's response to Tim Bray's commentary on the iPhone's lack of a physical keyboard. Which has inspired me to haul out my reasoning for why I think that Apple made the right decision (for Apple).
First off, keyboards are more of a habit than anything else. I used to be a Palm user and found the handwriting recognition a useful and reasonably effective means of entering information. Then I had a Newton, and despite the complaints I found that it actually worked pretty well. Then off to a series of Treos, followed by Blackberries and now the iPhone. Overall, each tool had a learning curve and I got pretty fast using each one.
But being a bit of a gadget geek I was prepared for change at each iteration so I adjusted each time. Currently the iPhone lets me type as fast as I need to and I'm easily at the same speed as my Blackberry using colleagues.
As Gruber has mentioned in another article, habits count for a lot and new users who start their smartphone life on an iPhone aren't going to miss the physical keyboard since they never built up those habits.
Something to remember here is that there is nothing natural about using any kind of keyboard. They've only existed for just over a hundred years and up until the last quarter century the QWERTY keyboard was a specialist's tool. It's a learned habit. The people I see who have the hardest time adjusting are those heavy duty Blackberry and Treo users that really haven't used anything else. Light users make the switch fairly easily.
But I digress. Apple has two other really good reasons to stick with the software keyboard:
We live in a polyglot world where more and more people use more than one language on a regular basis. I live in France and correspond via the iPhone in both French and English every single day. 90% of my colleagues are functionally bilingual for dealing with technical support engineers working in California (or India) and use their iPhone similarly.
Apple's ace in the hole here is that OS X (unlike all of its competitors, except maybe the Pre) is a fully localized OS. This means that your choice of OS language is not definitive. I can decide that I want my iPhone in French one day and English the next. More important, I can switch between keyboards and the associated autocorrection dictionaries on the fly between words. On my other smartphones, my initial choice of language defined the dictionary I used from then on. I can't count how many times I sent messages with "thé" instead of "the" on my French formatted Blackberry.
The ability to switch keyboards and languages dynamically is a feature unmatched on any other smartphone OS that I know of. When you start looking further afield than the monolingual American market, you can see that this is of immense value. And I suspect at home in the US as well with the growing bilingual Hispanic population. The Chinese business market is multilingual as is most of Asia.
Obviously, this is not a feature for everyone, but I would opine that this falls right into Apple's definition of the best part of the market who are generally successful and affluent and ready to pay the so called Apple premium for something that has value to them.
Logistics
The second part may be coming from Tim Cook's side of the house in managing the supply chain. Think about the current situation. Apple has exactly 5 SKUs to manage worldwide:
iPhone 3G 8Gb (black only)
iPhone 3GS 16Gb (black & white)
iPhone 3GS 32Gb (black & white)
It's only really 3 with two different plastic backs. From a logistics and supply chain management perspective this is a huge deal. Every other physical keyboard based system has to maintain specific models by locale. The North American market is fairly homogeneous (with the exception of Quebec, but even they have adjusted to a QWERTY variant rather than the euro-French AZERTY layout). But when you go abroad you discover a plethora of keyboard variants optimized (or not, depending on your understanding of the history of keyboards) for the local language.
So you end up with models that sell only into individual countries and possibly even smaller segments (do Spanish and Catalan speakers use the same layout?). This means a lot more work on managing the production and distribution chain which translates to higher overhead costs.
Apple can manage distribution much more efficiently since high demand in one region can be met from the same production line serving the other hemisphere. That's just brilliant. Although I suspect that the major problem these days is simply producing enough iPhones period.
So Apple has both internal and user oriented reasons for wanting to keep the keyboard in software. Software gives them internal management flexibility and offers a wider feature set for their users.
And for the die hards, now that the SDK allows you to talk to hardware devices, we'll be seeing folding or clip-on external keyboard kits coming along any time now. How long will it take someone to design a battery pack with an integrated keyboard that slides out from under the iPhone like the Pre?
PS - this note written entirely on the iPhone.
Update: bad iPhone autocorrections noted by EZE fixed (thanks!)
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Comments
Per (unauthenticated)
Jul 7, 2009
Spot on.
ps. Love your analysis.
Mglo (unauthenticated)
Jul 8, 2009
PS - this note written entirely on the iPhone.
That's what I call eating your own dogfood!
pendolino (unauthenticated)
Jul 14, 2009
this is a very thoughtful and well-written piece although i would suggest the Apple has more than 3 SKUs because of certain country legal requirements such as egypt where GPS is not permitted and so they have had to disable this on those phones. i have heard that wifi may be removed in china so that is potentially another hardware model they will have to adjust for.
"there is nothing natural about using any kind of keyboard": this is found to be quite insightful. you are very right in noting that people will adapt to something that is beneficial much more than other options in the long run. also note that there is still a generation around that cannot use a regular desktop keyboard and many that can but cannot touch type. in time the wave catches up and people adapt.
EZE (unauthenticated)
Jul 15, 2009
Okay, since you're claiming iPhone typing, I'll overlook the two nasty autocorrects you had (let's and it's) and assume they were iPhone's fault . But as someone who hops between English and Japanese, the software keyboard is crucial. Well, not the keyboard per se, since the Japanese use QWERTY, but rather the fact that software can do the proper conversion (like Mac OS X).
Tango (unauthenticated)
Jul 15, 2009
I live in Paris and that was my exact response to Gruber as well. I too switch between the French and English keyboards on a daily basis and I'm still pretty amazed that anyone can actually try to defend a physical keyboard with a straight face.
jt (unauthenticated)
Jul 15, 2009
Does the iPhone support a Dvorak keyboard as a localization?
Joel Bernstein (unauthenticated)
Jul 15, 2009
"And for the die hards, now that the SDK allows you to talk to hardware devices, we'll be seeing folding or clip-on external keyboard kits coming along any time now."
Only in applications specifically designed to support that particular keyboard protocol (at the moment, zero).
Unless Apple decides to define a standard for keyboard manufacturers to follow, but you'd think, if they were interested in that, they'd have done it years ago.
Joon (unauthenticated)
Jul 15, 2009
Why no one doesn't do a YouTube "text off" competition between Blackberry and iPhone users to put to bed the idea that soft keyboards are inherently inferior/slower is beyond me. I know some iPhone users you can get 70+ WPM on the darn thing.
But great point about the language switching capabilities of a soft keyboard. I'm sure that's the reason why there are already 1+ million unlock iPhones in China. Just how easy/fast is it to input Chinese characters with a QWERTY layout?
TR (unauthenticated)
Jul 15, 2009
Totally agree with the post. The software keyboard works. Which is why it is all the more frustrating that after 3 major OS versions, Apple still won't give me the Dvorak layout. I know it is not in high demand, but I also know I am not the only person that needs it. And again: there is no hardware issue to work around. This should be easy.
PS - this note written entirely on the Dvorak layout.
abugida (unauthenticated)
Jul 15, 2009
As Joel Bernstein said, a hardware keyboard cannot override the software keyboard systemwide because obviously all apps are sandboxed and there's no way to add input devices outside the sandbox. The developer of each app would have to use the bluetooth or 30-pin APIs and frameworks and listen for keyboard input. I highly doubt that Apple would do that (at least not under "pressure" from 3rd party developers rather than by its own resolve), so there will be no hardware keyboard support in Mail, SMS, or Safari.
alphageek
Jul 15, 2009
@pendolino - Good point - there will be a few market specific variations based on legal constraints of certain countries like Egypt with the GPS and China with Wifi. Although I do wonder if those options will be locked down in software rather than actually building market specific models. You're absolutely right that there are a few extra SKUs required to handle this kind of thing. But it's still way less work that the current state of affairs for anyone selling items with physical keyboards.
@EZE - doh! thanks - I missed those (not sure if it's just the iPhone at fault, I should have caught those while proofreading).
@JT - No dvorak that I know of, but from what I understand, the idea of Dvorak is optimized for a physical keyboard driven by a touch typist which really isn't the case with the iPhone. That said, I don't see why they don't implement one just for the heck of it.
@ Joel Berstein/abugida - good point on the application/hardware sandboxing. Although this constraint could be lifted fairly easily if there was a perceived demand from accessory developers. Failing that, bluetooth remains a viable option for handling this kind of communications since it's a globally available service that any application can call. But it will require a certain amount of buy-in from Apple - now if the mythical tablet decides to materialize this fall as per the latest rumours, I suspect that bluetooth keyboard support will be a requirement for doing "real" work so this might migrate down to the iPhone.
Appreciate all the comments! Keep them coming!
Geologue (unauthenticated)
Jul 15, 2009
Totally agree!
I live in Arizona and switch between English and French all the time to email my familly. A physical keyboard would be completly useless to me.
the original Dvorak is optimised for English touchtyping with 10 fingers, did someone invented a "Dvorak for 2 thumbs"? This is what we really need!
TR (unauthenticated)
Jul 15, 2009
@alphageek - whether Dvorak is optimized for a physical keyboard or not no longer matters, at least to me. You see, Dvorak is what I learned. It's what I know, and it's how I type. I tried for years to learn Qwerty, but due to some mental quirk, it won't take. I learned Dvorak in under an hour, and have never looked back. I may be an unusual case, but I am not the only person using Dvorak. I will not force others to learn Dvorak, and I would appreciate others not forcing me to learn Qwerty. IF - and I don't know the answer to this - a Dvorak layout is easy to implement on the iPhone, then I would dearly love for Apple to do so, so I can shut up and simply go on my merry way. Apple is the company I look to for things to "just work." I need Dvorak for that to happen.
Consider this: if you had to learn a new keyboard layout in order to use it, would buying an iPhone give you pause? It has me.
pkamb (unauthenticated)
Jul 15, 2009
Neither Dvorak nor QWERTY are optimally arranged for touch/stylus typing. For that, google the ATOMIC or Metropolis keyboards. But due to better touch-typing arrangement of Dvorak, it very well could be the better thumb typing layout of the two. Qwerty could randomly end up being the best too.
However, there's another thing to consider. Even you Dvorak typists... how many of you have ever SEEN a Dvorak keyboard? You probably touch type Dvorak on a Qwerty labeled keyboard. Go look at an image of it... it looks weird, unnatural. You don't know where the keys are, except by where your fingers want to go.
Just because you know Dvorak for touch typing doesn't mean you know it by sight, and that's required for thumb typing. Qwerty, the layout you SEE every day, is probably the best bet. Because of this, I doubt there's a very large iPhone Dvorak layout market.
And yes, this post was written in Dvorak.
TR (unauthenticated)
Jul 17, 2009
@pkamb - you are partly right. I do touch type Dvorak on a Qwerty keyboard. However, I don't look at it. I orient myself haptically by the raised dots placed there for the purpose. After that point, I most certainly DO "see" the Dvorak layout in my head. I do know it by sight, and I would very much like to see it on the iPhone.
Dean (unauthenticated)
Jul 17, 2009
The iphone keyboard is fine if you don't mind giving up the screen space, but if you want to use apps like remote desktop or VNC it would be great to use a external keyboard and mouse for control and keep the screen for monitor use. I work in IT and hold I would love to have my old Palm folding keyboard work on my iphone....
Connie (unauthenticated)
Jul 17, 2009
I think it's great that you typed this in on iPhone directly. The idea that seems missing from your post is not that the keyboard is a habit, but that it is much easier in a meeting to type on a keyboard (or write on a tablet, but that's for a different discussion) while looking at your colleagues doing the talking than it is to watch your on-screen keyboard, head down, seemingly ignoring your meeting mates. That's just bad form, IMO; if someone did this with me, I'd ask them to stop focusing on their phone and/or texting and pay attention to the meeting (not knowing, of course, that the person *was* paying attention to the meeting). Keyboards and tablets in meetings FTW!
TR (unauthenticated)
Jul 17, 2009
@pkamb - you are partly right. I do touch type Dvorak on a Qwerty keyboard. However, I don't look at it. I orient myself haptically by the raised dots placed there for the purpose. After that point, I most certainly DO "see" the Dvorak layout in my head. I do know it by sight, and I would very much like to see it on the iPhone.
Rhoblidnen (unauthenticated)
Aug 2, 2009
Apple don't make a Dvorak keyboard, but that doesn't mean there isn't one. Just type 'dvorak iphone keyboard' into Google. You'll see what I mean. It may be a pain in the arse to get it working, but you'll have a Dvorak keyboard.
tat (unauthenticated)
Aug 23, 2009
You can use a real keyboard for text messages using NoTap SMS (www.notap.it). You enter the message on the site and it appears on the iPhone screen ready to be sent.